Ans.

Characteristics of alluvial soil:- The main characteristics of alluvial soils made from various alluviums brought by rivers or flowing water are as follows-

• This soil is made up of fine particles like silt, sand, gravel, etc.
• Based onis of age, the ancient alluvial soil is known as Bangar and the new one is known as Khadar (trembling) soil.
• Due to the accumulation of a new layer of soil in flood-prone and deltaic areas, it remains fertile.
• This soil is friable and its particles are loose, hence it remains soft and its color is a light yellow and gray color.
• It has a predominance of elements of potash and lime and a deficiency of phosphorous, nitrogen, and humus is found.
• It has an ore water-absorbing capacity.
• It is the most fertile soil among all the soils found in India.
• All types of crops are grown in it.

 Characteristics of black soil:

• Due to the wear and tear of lava rock, the color of this soil is black.
• This soil is smooth and fine-grained, so it has an amazing ability to hold moisture. Hence, less irrigation is required in it.
• This soil is rich in elements like iron, aluminum, and lime.
• Phosphorous and potash are deficient in this soil.
• This soil is very fertile, so agriculture can be done in it even without the use of manure.
• When the sun falls, the top layer of this soil dries up and wide cracks appear in it, but the moisture remains inside.
• The deficiency of organic matter or humus is found in it.
• It becomes sticky on getting water.

.