Ans.

Relationship between printed literature and the spread of knowledge: – The history of such newspapers in India started with the arrival of Europeans. The Portuguese first brought the printing press to India and in 1557 AD the priests of Goa printed the first book in India. The first newspaper in India was attempted by disgruntled workers of the company, whose aim was to expose the misdeeds of the company. In 1776, William Bolts wanted to take out the newspaper by resigning, but his plan ended in the womb and he was sent to England. James Augustus Hickey published the first newspaper in India in 1780, named ‘The Bengal Gazette’ or ‘The Calcutta General Advertiser. Later his press was also destroyed. The India Gazette, published in November 1780, was the second Indian paper. By the end of the 18th century, Calcutta Carrier, Asiatic Mirror, and Oriental Star were published in Bengal and Bombay Gazette in Bombay. Its publication started in 1816 AD. In 1818, British merchants got the service of a journalist named James Silk Buckingham, who was appointed editor of the Calcutta General. Buckingham has a very important place in journalism. He encouraged many journalists by his example. It was he who made the press a reflection of the people and gave the press the form we see today. He induced the press to take a critical approach, to report, and to lead by investigation. As a result, they started knocking like a quota in the eyes of the company.

These presses made people aware of knowledge, science, and technology. The economic and religious policies of the British government are described in the books published by them. With the spread of the press, the number of printed books began to increase. These books started reaching people at affordable prices and easily. This brought newness to the thoughts of the people. They started becoming aware of their rights. He started getting the news of the country and the world sitting at home. The stories of the movements that took place in different countries of the world and the dissatisfaction of Indians started towards the British government started reaching them, as a result of which the feeling of nationalism was communicated to them very fast. By reading western articles and newspapers, he also came to know about the intentions of the British and he started organizing against the British. The way the national consciousness was developing in India through printed books, the British government was frightened by it and tried to ban them through various acts.