Ans.

Disputes related to oriental and western education: – In the charter of 1813, it was arranged that the company should spend lakhs of rupees annually on education in India, but no step was taken in this direction for 20 years. Once again in the charter in 1833, Parliament directed the company to spend several one lakh rupees annually on education in India. Now the company was not in a position to disobey this direction. Given this charter, a committee was formed, which is known as the General Committee of Public Education. This committee consisted of 10 members, including the Governor General in Council.

With the formation of this committee, two parties were formed out of 10 members of this committee based on ideology in India. One party was advocating the ‘Indian system of education and Indian languages, while the other party was advocating for the British language. The first group is known as the Orientalists. Supporters of this ideology were H.T. Prinsep was H. H. Wilson. He gave more importance to the revival of the old literature of Hindus and Muslims. The second party was known as the Angliscists. The supporters of this Western or Anglo education were led by Monroe and Elphinstone, who also supported Macaulay. Lai Macaulay wanted to create a class that promoted Western education among Indians who were Indian in color and blood but English in thoughts, interests, and intellect. Macaulay, advocating for English education, issued a letter in 1835 which is known as the Macaulay Memorandum. A section of educated Indians also emerged in support of English education, which was led by Raja Rammohun Roy. Ultimately the Viceroy Lord William Bentinck adopted Macaulay’s view through a resolution. In this way, the deadlock between oriental and western education was ended and the English language became the basis of the Indian education system.